I have worked up over loads in semi auto pistols in 25acp, 32acp, 7.62x25mm, 380, 9mm, 9x23, 40sw, 10mm, and 45acp just to see what happens.
I started reloading 13 years ago and immediately started overloading to see what happens.
I have only blown the extractor out in the first year, in 9mm and 7.62x25mm.
I soon learned not to do that. The pieces of the extractor could kill someone standing on the right. There are pressure signs WAY before the extractor blows out.
This is a work up:
9mm 115 gr JHP AA#5 max load = 7.7 gr, the gun tested has a .19" feed ramp and the brass has a .16" thick web:
0) Minimum charge to cycle pistol........ 5.0 gr.
1) 9x19mm.................................7.7 gr.
2) 9x19mm +P............................. 8.0 gr.
3) 9x19mm +P+............................ 8.3 gr.
4) .356TSW............................... 9.1 gr.
5) Primer pierce, case bulge ............10.0 gr.
6) Case failure [hole] threshold [kaboom] 10.7 gr.
7) Case head separation 11.5 gr. wrecks extractor andhold open, blows the bottom plate off the magazine, ammo, mag spring, and follower fall out. Bits of brass come back through the ejector slot in the slide and spray the shooter's face.
Here is a picture of right to left:
a) bulge over feed ramp [10 gr]
b) case hole over feed ramp [10.7 gr]
c) case head failure primary failure [extractor failure is a secondary failure] [11.5 gr]
What does it all mean?
In a work up, when you see a feed ramp case bulge... STOP.
Never shoot that load again or anything hotter than that.
Back off the powder charge 6% from the first tiny sign of case bulge.
That is the max useful load in that gun.