The over pressure caused the brass to expand past it's elastic limit to the unsupported head of the case, it was jammed tight enough to not allow the bolt locking lugs to disengage when the gas from the gas tube tried to start extraction.
Kinda like a bolt gun gets an over pressure load and you have to beat the handle up with a stick...same thing here, there is only so much power available in the pressurized gas tube to unlock the bolt.
Pull out your BCG and play with it a little and you will see it is not possible for an AR firing pin to protrude enough to hit the primer unless the bolt is fully turned and in battery....and yes, this pertains to all flavors of rifle caliber AR's with rotating bolts, big and small. Of course, pistol calibers are different, and also the CMMG Guard.
While it's out, drop a round in the chamber and see how much case head sticks out unsupported, it's exactly where his head is expanded in the pic above. I've seen dozens of these, usually with a hole blown out the side of the case head. He was lucky, if it was a few PSI hotter, he may have had a mess, i.e. blown out magwell, ruined magazine, possibly ruined bolt and barrel extension....maybe injuries.
WEAR SAFETY GLASSES!!