I have both .223 and .300 pistol uppers. Like stated above, even with some of the more modern efficient .223 bullets, effective range doesnt extend much past 50yds. The .300 with an 8" barrel (as opposed to a 10.25" or 11.5" .223) still has plenty of oomph at 100yds and beyond. This doesnt even touch the options of heavier weight sub rounds and supressors. One other point: you need to watch OAL with the .223 uppers in order to maintain "pistol" status (for CCW in vehicle). Too long it becomes "not a pistol" and while still legal, it may not be CCW legal in your vehicle.