Building ARs the PROPER way requires some expensive tools initially that often turn some off to building "from the ground up" so to speak. You can cut corners with some stuff and bubba the job without the proper torque wrench, vise blocks, etc., but results may turn out accordingly.
+1 on Brownells being a good source for an AR-beginner both in terms of parts, tools and a wealth of information on building. BARFCOM, if you can stand the attitudes and BS, also has some good information and helpful pictorials/vids for DIY build projects, as well as a SIZABLE equipment exchange area where you can source any part/component imaginable (caveat emptor re: pricing which can get absurd to put it mildly...like GunBroker absurd).
In terms of specific barrels, receivers and other components...it really all comes down to personal choice/preferences and what you ultimately want/need to do with the rifle at the end of your project. 18" barrels in my experience are an excellent balance between performance/OAL/weight/max range/etc. I like an 18", medium to SPR weight, Wylde-chambered tube with a rifle-length gas system in a 1:8 twist which will allow you to successfully run a wide range of projectiles from lighter vermin loads to heavier, 75-77gr match bullets if you so choose.
In terms of uppers/lowers...again...beauty is in the eye of the beholder (as are factors like prices, features, etc.). You can get rack-grade components "on the cheap" and then hope that they mate up properly/tightly/etc. or you can go with a matched upper/lower set and you can add features like billet vs. forged, ambi vs. regular (some components can be made ambi with any receiver...others...not so easily), etc. Mega has some nice upper/lower sets (if you can find 'em in stock) that make great platforms to build on (other mfgs offer sets too). Again...have a look around and just get an idea of what you want based on what you see/like/hate/etc.
Good luck!!