It would appear that on maybe one or two occasions you've had a primer let go on you. The ring you see looks identical to "fire checking" when the seal between primer and primer pocket on a case fails. The scorching hot gasses whistle through the gap and act like a cutting torch. If you can feel the ring with a fingernail or pick then I'd almost be certain of it. There's really nothing else that would create this condition.
Sort your brass and if any are suspect, toss em.
Last, while a bit tough to look at, this really does nothing to prevent this rifle from continuing to function any different than it already does.
C.