Surgeon Switch Barrel - PROBLEMS
I currently have a Surgeon Action, and am doing my homework for the stock etc. It will be in .300 RSAUM with a Kreiger, or one of my own SS.
While I have machining skills for several years, I don't consider myself to be a 'master' machinist yet. I also make numerous gun parts for custom double rifles and BIG BORE pistol conversions, and I am also a barrelsmith (P&W Sine Bar Cut-Rifling machine). I am not a gunsmith, but a gun-parts maker.
It seems that a serious accuracy problem would develop over removing and installing a different caliber barrel just a few times.
As mentioned by another member, you would have to create a "register" or timing mark with each barrel so it would maintain the correct headspace. Even if you used the correct torque each time, the action threads, or the barrel threads will eventually stretch or wear. If you changed barrels and overtorqued it just once it will stretch the threads and change the tension on the threads. Additionally, if you were to change out the barrels in different temperatures the torque would start varying as well. Even the difference in action vs. barrel metals characteristics will create problems. Since the fine Surgeon action is a steel alloy, its female threads are stiffer than the stainless barrel you will inserting into it. The stainless threads will stretch more than the 4130 Allow action will.
The majority of my precision rifles are Gas Guns, AR-15(T), AR-10(T), AR-10(TU) in many calibers. Swapping out different calibers on a lower receiver takes less than a minute with no problems in accuracy. However if I were to constantly be changing the barrel nut with different barrels. accuracy problems would be apparent no matter how much I adhered to the proper torque specs.
Another issue is your scope ZERO. It will have to be adjusted each time, even though it is not being removed from the action. Each barrel has its unique characteristics such as ridgity, whip, tension created when rifled, etc.
If any other machinists here disagree I would like to hear their opinions. Maybe I will learn something new.
My 2cents is to just have 2 different rifles.