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Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

TOP PREDATOR

Gunny Sergeant
Full Member
Minuteman
Jul 19, 2008
4,591
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SCRANTON AREA PENNSYLVANIA
Many questions come across the board on picking a scope for a rimfire. What magnification? What reticle? What objective? What do I need in a scope to do "X"? Obviously a budget to purchase an optic comes into play, but hopefully the below will help to answer some of these questions to make a suitable purchase.

Probably the most important factor that everything else trickles into is what is your intended use for the rifle and optic? A dedicated hunter? A dedicated target setup? A "trainer" to help defray the cost of centerfire setups? Perhaps a hybrid of all? Disussions on which makes and models go on and on - there are numerous post about it that one can view. However hopefully the below can be applied to ALL choices that you have available, and be somewhat of a guide so you can make a checklist of things that each optic that you are looking has got, hasn't got, what you can live with, or what you can't live without - to help make a satisfying and applicable choice.

Once upon a time, the standard was a "lower end" fixed 4x or 3-9x Bushnell, Tasco or Simmons with a 32mm or less objective sitting on Grandpa's .22 squirrel rifle. That was just about all that was available for rimfires, and for that matter centerfires also. But how the times have changed, and the also the thinking for putting optics on rimfires.

As we as shooters ever expanded the way we use our rimfires from plinking cans a few yards away to full blown presicion matches, we now have specific uses - even incorporating different rifles for each use. Specific uses calls for specific options to help with the overall outcome for how you are using the rifle / optic combo, and now optic manufacturers offer many options on a variety of scopes to fit the specific need. You may rank the list of what is more important to you depending on your needs and budget but as a foundation, your concerns on your new optic choice should go something like this:

At the top of the list of scope requirements should be <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Clarity</span></span>. From personal experience, I can attest that having a scope that is bright, clear, and produces a sharp image is a lot more pleasurable than a dim, cloudy, yellowish sight picture. If one has the oppurtunity to look through different optics as they lay side by side at the store, you know what I'm talking about. Unfortunately, many times one may have to sacrifice some clarity for other options a scope may provide that are going to help with the overall use of the optic, especially if budget is a concern. The point is - <span style="font-style: italic">don't sacrifice <span style="font-weight: bold">TOO</span> much</span>- no matter what helpful options a scope has, they don't matter if you can't see the target!

That leads to another option - <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Adjustable objective</span></span> - Do you need it? If you are or plan on or are already shooting different distances, I would have to say that this gets my vote for the 2nd most important factor. Again, adjusting the objective helps to sharpen the image and reduce parallax. As far as the size of that objective, generally the larger diameter objective, the more light transmission which means a brighter image - that is if the glass and any coating put on that glass are of equal quality. But not to complicate things here, as said larger usually equals brighter. But larger objective also leads to barrel clearance issues, having to go to higher rings, and possible loss of eye alignment / cheek weld with the stock - just another thing to consider. Side focus scopes are a blessing in my opinion, as it is deffinately more convienant to adjust - but not something that would make or break a purchase. Another spoiler in the objective size is the casing / scope tube that is holing the lens. It may be thick enough to give the same clearance issues a larger objective gives. Side focusing scopes are a blessing in my opinion, as it is deffinately more convienant to adjust - but not something that would make or break a purchase, but a plus none the less.

The 3rd thing to look at is the <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Ocular lens or Eyebell</span></span>. Is that focusable to give you the sharpest image of both the reticle and the target? Another plus for a focusable eyebell.

Speaking of the <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Reticle</span></span>, this is probably my 4th most important consideration and is probably tied going hand in hand with <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Magnification</span></span>. Many may put this at the top of the list ahead of Clarity and the ability to focus, but what good is areticle if you can't see that target clearly? Let's tackle the reticle first, if you are using the rifle / optic for, lets' say, benchrest or silhouette shooting, most opt for a target dot or fine crosshair. It' allows a no-nonsense presice uncluttered view of your target, and helps put your attention to one area. On the other hand, a duplex or duplex BDC combo reticle that has thicker crosshairs are usually preferred for hunting optics - you usually "don't loose" the reticle when the action is on when there is game in front of you, and there are ways of using the duplex for ranging. Then there are mildots and other ranging specific reticles, effectively used for estimating target distances at unknown distances. The graduations on the reticle can also be used for holdovers and / or windage effectively to some extent rather than having to turn adjustment knobs or holdover without a designated point of reference. These types of reticles can be applied over many types of situations; long and short range target shooting, hunting, etc. as they usually incorporate crosshairs and different aiming / adjustment points. <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Illumination?</span></span> Illumination can be helpfull in low lit settings, such as dawn, dusk, or at night. For nighttime use, some scopes are too illuminated or bright which causes you to loose your "night vision" or washes out the target in the sight picture. If an illuminated reticle is chosen, I like the 8-11 multiple setting type as you the lowest setting is usually dim enough not to loose that "night vision" or have washout in the sight picture. Another coice on lower less settings for illumination is by using batteries that are nearly drained. It's a little more risky as yo don't know if they are going to be drained completely and fail, but it is an option. I wouldn't have an illuminated reticle make or break a purchase, but it is a plus if it has it. On to <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Magnification</span></span> - Variable or Fixed? Variables have more moving parts that can fail (albeit rarely, but does happen) but does offer more flexibility to see your target "up close or far away". Depending on what your application is, a higher range of magnification (variable or fixed) can be more beneficial than lower, as in the case of a dedicated target rifle. In the case of a hunting rifle, a lower range (variable or fixed) is usually best so one doesn't loose the target as in the case of a higher magnified optic. I generally like a variable 3-12x, 4-16x for hunting for those reasons, and a 6-18x, 6-24x, 8-32x for target not only to see the target better, but to spot hits. Benchrest shooters tend to use higher fixed magnification as they know the distance to their target, and like to have that "up close" look at the target and hits. Again, magnification should be applied to what your purpose(s) will encompass and what will be advantagous or a detriment to your goals. Keep in mind that with many lower priced scopes, you may not get the full magnification out of it before it starts going gray, or the image is distorted in another manner. Example a "lower end" scope may stat 24x, but in reality you may only be able to see clearly up to 20 or 22x, then all sorts of distortion and clarity problems start to wher you can't reach that true 24x. <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Field of View </span></span> - this may be important to you depending on your application - For example, "FOV of 9ft at 100 yards on 12x" means that at 12x you will see 9 ft of "ground". FOV is especially helpful on hunting set ups so as not to lose the game in the optic, and having to search around for it. It would be alot quicker to spot game in a FOV covering 16 feet of "ground" than 9 feet - 5 feet of error in possibly not seeing the target. Again this is most applicable to hunting, as shooting paper off a bench allows you more time to "find" the bullseye.

When talking reticles, magnification, and focusing, we can't not mention <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">FFP (first focal plane)</span></span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">SFP (second focal plane)</span></span>. A reticle located in the first focal plane appears to change size with adjustments in magnification, but in fact it remains in the exact same ratio to the target across the scope’s entire magnification range. The first focal plane location is especially appropriate for use with rangefinding reticles, since the reticle’s markings remain consistent relative to target size at all magnification settings. In a second focal plane optic, the reticle is installed towards the rear of the erector, past the lenses that help control the magnification of the image. This means that the scopes’ reticle will appear to stay the same size relative to the shooter throughout its magnification range. Since the reticle isn’t changing size relative to the target, the reticle subtensions are only good for range estimation and trajectory compensation at one spot along the magnification range, typically on the highest power. There are many articles and posts that describe both in detail, but just wanted to mention it, as more "budget minded" optics are beginning to filter in the FFP, and is definately a plus if rangefinding is in your requirements.

So we covered Clarity, Adjustable objectives and size, Reticles and magnification, FFP and SFP.

To open another can of worms, lets talk about <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Adjustment knobs, Target Turrets,</span></span> and amount of adjustment or <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">"Click Value".</span></span>

A seasoned shooter can generally get by without adjustment knobs / turrets as they have experienced enough to hold over and adjust from their set zero, and use the reticle they have to the fullest potential. The thought of the target turret is more of a "want" than a "need". Once again, depending on your application - such as having to semi-quickly and precisely adjust for multiple distances and having to precisely compensate for windage during a target competiton windage - such as in benchrest shooting - target turrets come in very handy. On a rimfire, the ability to adjust the reticle in the same manner for different distances is nice to have. On the flip side, on a dedicated hunting rifle, high turrets (even with the covers on is so equipped), become a bit of a liability as they get bumped around and caught on things, leading to possible loss of zero or damage. As you can see, depending on your setup, what you are using it for, and personal preference will dictate target turrets. As of late, they have become more of a "need" than a "want" for me as they allow me to be more flexible to dial in for different distances, and with proper notes, gives me the ability to switch to different ammos more easily. I do feel that turrets are a plus in most situations, especially on an optic that has a reputation for a good return to zero. In other words, if you are zeroed for 50 yards, then dial the turret to different ranges, you still want the scope to to hit dead on at 50 yards again, time after time. <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">"Click Value"</span></span> - whether you choose fraction of an inch, MOA, or MIL adjustments (there's more than enough information to search on the advantages / usages of each, and way to indepth to discuss here), the important thing again is your rifle / optic usage and goals to determine what will work for you. To save argument and as it's typically most widely used optics on rimfires, let's use fraction of an inch for example. A benchrest shooter will generally use 1/8" adjustment as it is a small graduation to move the point of impact, which can be the difference between winning and losing a match. Those guys and equipment are that exact, and 1/8" adjustments are practically a "need" for them. Don't forget that 1/8" is at 100 yards, and the benchrest boys shoot at 50 - making it 1/16th" adjustment! On the other hand, 1/8" adjustment on someone that is changing from 100 to 200 yards may not be so critical and 1/4" perhaps even 1/2" will do fine. Certainly any small game hunting doesn't require an 1/8" degree of precision, center mass or "minute of squirrel head" will do just fine. Also, going from 25 to 200+ yards and back requires a HUGE amount of turning that turret and time, 1/4" and 1/2" helps out with that aspect. Don't get me wrong, I like 1/8" adjustments, but it becomes more of a "want" than a "need" for my style of shooting, it may be reversed for you, again, depending on your situation.

Back on the subject of turrets, there are variations ranging from unlocking to locking turrets using rings, pull up - turn - push down to lock, and other variations. Along with that are different gripping surfaces, heights, the way the numbers / marks are printed or engraved, etc. Which is the the best? Again I must refer back to personal preference, usage, and what are available on the scope that's in your budget. I would further put on the table that turret design or their presense at all should not be substituted for sacrificing too much in the way of clarity, ability to properly focus the scope, reticle or magnification. Properly applied, these can be used to compensate properly without the use of turrets. So even though they are a plus, should not be an option that makes or breaks a purchase.

Another factor to be considered may be <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Length and Weight</span></span> (as mentioned earlier). Certain diciplines of competition have rules governing it, and many longer, wider "bulkier" scopes may actually hinder you in the hunting woods. Again this is of personal preference and usage of the rifle / optic setup. What <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">Tube (body) size</span></span>? 1", 30mm, other? The tube size offers afew advantages. The 1" has been in service forever, and it is relatively easy to find mounting rings. The 30 mm and larger scopes offer better light transmission (in concert with the objective size) and more tube to have additional space for additional adjustment amounts. As they are bigger bodied, they are heavier. If weight is an issue, this may be a factor along with the metal composition of the tube, usually aluminum, but some steel and other "tougher" metals.

One thing not to forget about - <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">The Warranty</span></span>. Whether the scope is $100.00 or $1,000.00, it's good to know that a company backs their product. But make sure to read the warranty, as some are 90 days, 1 year, lifetime (to the original owner), and lifetime transferrable - adds value for any future sale of the optic or rifle / optic combo. Also look for the conditions of the warranty. Some lower cost brands make YOU pay for the sipping TO the company AND BACK and you have to pay insurance on the value of the optic! This warranty work may not cover labor and cover parts, sometimes it's one or another, sometimes both are covered. Sometimes they will find the user at fault, and not replace or fix the scope. Now you are out shipping costs back and forth, and still with a broken scope. Anyway at the end of the day, it really stinks when you think the warranty is rock solid, but have to pay a few dollars less to get your reworked used scope back than just going out and getting another.

There are also other <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">"Goodies / Accessories"</span></span> that are included with the purchase of a scope - rings, flip up lens covers, sunshades, etc. Though these are nice extras, they shouldn't "distract" you from what you are purchasing - the scope itself. There's a good chance that the rings included are either too high or too low and you'll have to buy another set anyhow, and the lens caps are usually of marginal quality. I do like a sunshade, but generally is another "want" and not neccessarily a "need". All these "goodies" can be added later, and up front one should concentrate more on the quality of the optic itself.

So at the end of this long post, I would stress that when looking for a scope for a rimfire (or for that matter a centerfire) that the above suggestions be looked at so that you know that you are comparing apples to apples. When you have a group of scopes that you are interested in but still have yet to choose "the one", make a checklist of those subjects mentioned to include the "needs and wants" and the "plus and minus" of each, and in each of the price catagories within or near your budget. All that information and price is available either at the sporting goods store, on the internet store (many to choose from), or the manufactures sight. If shopping smartly, you may be able to afford a better optic than you think. Compare shipping costs and tax also, along with any rebates, specials, closeouts, or sales. Like a car, last year's model may be on clearance.

You'll be pleasantly surprised how well the checklist works at weeding out the "not needed" and highlights the "must have" for your application - It basically picks the optic for you. An optic that makes the shooting experience more enjoyable for your style of shooting and stays within or around your budget is a beautiful thing.

From there you can search around on various sites (Natchez, Midway, Optics planet, SWFA etc.) until you can find something that interests you for your purpose and falls within your budget.

Then ask about a 2 or 3 that you have narrowed down to, or use a search EASIER TO FIND STUFF - sniper's hide google search to find the multitude of posts / reviews / comparisons that already probably exist for the ones your deciding on. If there is a certain question about a model that isn't already covered, that's the time to ask about it. You'll at least have some data on a scope that fits your needs and hopefully will base your purchase on facts and not opinions.

Otherwise just a generic question of "which scope should I get" is like asking "what pickup".....the Chevy guys will say Silverado, the Ford guys F150, Dodge guys Ram - mostly based on personal brand loyalty and perhaps not truly based on facts.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Excellent read for those who are having trouble deciding on which optics they should be looking into.

You do alot for this section of The Hide Top Predator, i want you to know it's much appreciated and very helpful.

Thank you,
Dylan
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

hey thanks for the compliment.

many in this section and all over the hide has helped me gain knowledge and appreciation for the shooting sport, i try to "give back" some when i can.

just pooled together bits and pieces of stuff i learned at the hide with some real world experience and put it into one, i'm really not that smart.
grin.gif


hope it'll help out someone in the future.

 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

I think this will be a good resource for people who are unsure what they want or need. Thanks for writing it all down.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Great post TP, thank you for taking the time to put that together. Unfortunately, I'll bet a lot of the people that that would benefit won't take the time to read it. Instead, they'll start another thread right above this one entitled, "Which scope is best for my .22? Please help!"

I guess I'm a pessimist. Anyway, thank you sir.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Bumping this one back up. Lots of rimfire optic questions have been coming up lately and this one can help a lot of those guys out.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Yeah I just asked a dumb question regarding scopes that was mostly answered by this thread lol so it definitely should be kept close for all new members. I also watched the youtube videos that people have links to in their signatures which made me feel like an even bigger knob for asking those questions
blush.gif

Oh well I have found the search engine now so all good... but the big question now - how do I shoot 1000 yards?!?!?
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Looks to me like someone is working toward a moderator position.

Nice work as usual.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Thanks for the excellent info. I was asking lots of questions at my local gun shop and the guys were trying to be helpful but just didn't have some of the answers to my questions.

Wow I haven't been a PFC since 1990. Wish I was still 18 too!
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Wow! Now THAT was some information! I printed that out just in case it doesn't become a sticky.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Nice post! I've always been a fan of clarity and that's priority before all else. Glad to see it mentioned here. So it all comes down to the right tool for the right job.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Also note that, while everything is spot on, you also want to take into account the warranty and the company's reputation.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

awesome read!
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Outstanding read TP!
smile.gif


I hope everyone takes the time to read your post. It is full of great information that is very helpful for anyone who may be in the market for just that right scope. Excellent read!
smile.gif
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Outstanding ....well written!!!
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

thanks, i also found this the other day, thought it would be useful (i copied and pasted the text in case the link gets pulled):

http://www.opticalrepairs.com/optical_glossary.html


Abbe prism.
An expensive type of roof prism, more compact than the porro type and used in, for example, “straight through” binoculars. Named after Ernst Abbe, the optical researcher.

Aberration.
Imperfect lenses will give chromatic aberration (splitting of the light) or spherical aberration (curved image) which are the main types but there are also coma, astigmatism and distortion types.

Accomodation.
Up to middle age, the eye has the ability to increase the curvature of the crystalline lens, a process called accommodation, and thereby increase its overall optical power. Correction outside of this requires spectacles or contact lenses.

Achromatic (or doublet) lens.
Two lenses (usually cemented together) of different glasses (e.g: Flint and Crown) to cancel out chromatic aberration for two primary spectral colours.

Angle of Convergence.
The angle formed between a point object being observed and the two eyes, giving depth perception. The angle increases as the point becomes closer.

Angle of Reflection.
The angle formed between a reflected ray of light as it leaves a surface and the vertical to the surface at that point. Equal to the angle of incidence of the ray.

Angle of Refraction.
The angle between a deviated ray of light that has passed through the boundary between two transparent media and the vertical to the boundary surface at the point of emergence in the second medium.

Anti-reflection.
Substances or coatings deposited on optical surfaces under a high vacuum preventing inefficient reflection of light. Coatings include Magnesium Fluoride, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Oxide, etc.

Aperture Stop.
Usually a hole in a thin metal plate, somewhere near the centre of the optical system. Called an iris if adjustable (as in cameras). It lets the most light through without allowing the image to degrade at the edge.

Aphakia.
A condition of the eye after the crystalline lens has been removed because of cataract opacities. Usually possible to insert an intraocular lens into the eye to compensate for lens removal.

Aplanatic lens.
A lens usually used to shorten the focal length of an achromatic doublet lens.

Apochromat.
A lens designed to be colour-corrected for three primary spectral colours.

Aspheric lens.
Aspheric means non-spherical but, in optics, it relates to a lens which has one or more of its surfaces not spherical but of a different curvature. More expensive than spherical lenses but gives fewer errors.

Astigmatic.
If the lens of the eye becomes non-spherical, or astigmatic, the vision can be corrected with a suitable toric prescription lens.

Astronomical telescope.
A telescope without the optics needed to invert the image the “right” way up since this is unnecessary for astronomy.

Axis.
The optical axis is an imaginary straight line joining the centres of curvature of a lens with, for example, two curved surfaces (the surfaces each being part of a sphere). It is a longitudinal axis of symmetry of a lens.

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Back Vertex of a Lens
(and front vertex) where the axis meets the lens surface/s.


Barrel Distortion
(and pincushion distortion). Image where the edges curve outwards (image where edges curve inwards).

Bins.
An appalling abbreviation for binoculars!

Binos.
Barely acceptable abbreviation for binoculars.

Binocular Fusion.
Sight with two eyes. Enhances 3-D realism and aids distance judgement.

Biocular Magnifiers.
Usually military and of lower power than binoculars, typically for viewing night vision optics.

Bloomed lens.
An old term for anti-reflection coated lens.

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Coating.
Of the light falling on a lens surface, some 4 to 6% would be lost if the lens was untreated. The lost light is reflected and plays no part in forming the final image. By coating a lens or prism surface, this loss is reduced and efficiency is increased. The coating is a film of various materials (e.g: magnesium fluoride) deposited in a vacuum process. An electron beam coating method is used to deposit harder coatings such as silicon dioxide.

Chromatic Aberration.
Because lenses and prisms deviate blue light more than red light, a rainbow effect or colour spread will result unless achromatic combinations of optics are used to correct it.

Coherent Light.
Light made up of photons that have the same wavelength and are all in phase and thereby very energy efficient. An example is a laser.

Collimation.
Alignment of the optical axis in an optical system. In a binocular instrument, alignment of both axes and one with the other to avoid eye strain.

Coma.
Imperfect optical system can make a star appear like a comet, with a “tail”. This aberration can be reduced by stopping down the lens.

Concave.
A surface of a lens is concave if it curves inwards.

Condenser Lens.
A positive lens of short focal length, usually used to direct light into a projector lens or the optical system of an instrument.

Convex.
A surface of a lens is convex if it curves outwards.

Cornea.
The first lens of the eye’s optical system, followed by the aqueous humour and the crystalline lens.

Crown Glass.
One of the most suitable and common types of glass used in optics and often used in conjunction with flint glass (they are of different refractive indices) to make up achromatic lenses. Lighter plastic equivalents of crown glass used for spectacle lenses are Perspex acrylic and CR39.

Crystalline Lens.
The second lens of the eye, behind the cornea.

Cylindrical Lens.
A lens curved in one plane only or one with a curved bias in one axis.

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Definition.
General term identifying sharpness of detail.

Depth of Field.
Detail in front of and behind the point of optimum focus that gives a zone of acceptable sharpness.

Depth of Focus Tolerance (in photography).
How flat the film in the camera must be.

Dioptre
(or diopter). Unit of vergence, giving the refracting power of a lens as the reciprocal of its focal length, in metres. Minus indicates diverging and plus indicates converging.

Dioptric Power
(or focal power). The higher the dioptric power the higher the magnification and the shorter the focal length (and vice versa).

Distortion.
Barrel distortion and pin cushion distortion are the only types which can occur in a centred lens system (see Barrel Distortion).

Dove Prism.
Prism using one reflection and two refractions.

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ED (or Fluoro-Crown)
glasses giving very high colour correction.

Electro-Optics.
Instruments using interactions between light and electrical fields (e.g: an image intensifier).

Eye Relief.
Distance from eyelens outside surface to the top of the eyecup of an instrument, e.g: binocular. Most comfortable when this distance is between 10 and 20 mm.

Eyecup
(or eyering). A plastic or rubber ring to help position and steady the eye correctly. Folded down when spectacles are worn.

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Field Flattening.
Reduction or correction of the curvature of an image by use of a specific lens element (usually negative).

Field Lens.
Usually a single-element lens at or near the focal plane of another lens (usually an eyelens) to flatten the field.

Field of View.
The extent of an object which a lens system actually images, usually expressed in degrees (e.g: 5°) or so many metres wide at a 1,000 metres distance.

Field Stop.
An aperture in a plate or one of the lenses in a lens system to control light rays from off-axis points of extended objects.

Flat Field Lens.
A highly-corrected lens that virtually eliminates astigmatism and curvature to give an almost flat image.

Fluoride (or Fluorite) lens
uses one or more element of Calcium Fluoride made from synthetic crystals to give very high colour correction. Expensive.

Flint.
One of the most suitable and common types of glass used in optics and often used in conjunction with Crown glass to make up achromatic lenses (see Crown).

Focal Length.
Distance from rear nodal point of a lens to the rear principal focus when lens is focused on infinity. Reciprocal of focal length is the power of a lens.

Focimeter.
Instrument for measuring lenses. Can be of eyepiece, projection or automatic electronic type.

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Graticule
(Reticule or reticle). Fine lines (wire or markings on glass) viewed through an optical instrument to facilitate measuring, aligning, sighting, etc.

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Keratometer.
Instrument for measuring the shape of the eye in order to specify the shape of a contact lens.

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Lens Testing Chart.
A test target with various designs to point up lens defects such as barrel or pin cushion distortion, coma, low resolving power and aberrations.

Loupe.
A simple magnifier to bring the retinal image of a close object into focus without appreciable magnification.

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Magnesium Fluoride.
A crystalline compound used to make a robust, thin-layer coating on a lens surface to reduce surface reflection and increase efficiency. Commonly has a purple reflection on the lens.

Magnification Power.
Ratio of eye’s retinal image size, aided by a magnifying instrument, compared to largest retinal image obtained with the unaided eye.

Meniscus Lens.
Lens used to shorten the focal length of a doublet.

Myopia.
When the unaided eye can only focus on close objects.

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Nitrogen Purging.
Filling an instrument (particularly an outdoor one such as a binocular or riflescope) with zero grade or almost pure nitrogen in order to exclude all moisture and oxygen and so virtually prevent subsequent fogging and oxidation of the optics

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Object Lens.
The front lens, in an instrument, closest to the object being observed.

OG.
Object glass, an old term for the object lens.

Ophthalmoscope.
A hand-held instrument for examining the eye to give an approximation of the power correction needed.

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Panchratic
telescope in which the power can be changed but refocusing is needed when this is done.

Parallax.
A change in position of the object, as viewed through an instrument, if the viewing eye is moved. Parallax correction is especially important for a riflescope.

Parfocal.
A set of eyepieces (e.g: astronomical) or objectives (e.g: in a microscope) the focus and image sharpness of which is the same as they are swapped around.

Photochromic.
Photosensitive material that darkens as the light passing through it strengthens. Useful in spectacles.

Porro Prism.
Most common type of prism (“triangular”) which inverts image and reverses the direction of the light.

Presbyopia.
Usually in middle age the eye cannot focus on near objects such as print and so corrective spectacles are needed.

Prism.
There are many designs of polished, geometric glass shapes designed to “fold the light up” in order to make an instrument more compact. Prisms give the designer many possibilities and can also be used to invert the image and give a stereoscopic effect by enabling the objective lenses to be set wider apart than the eyelenses (in a binocular for example).

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Radiuscope.
Instrument for measuring short-radius optical devices such as contact lenses.

Real Image.
An image as focused, for example, on a camera film or a projector screen (as opposed to a virtual image which we see in a mirror).

Reflection.
Redirection of light by a surface which is highly polished.

Refraction.
Redirection of light by its passing from one medium to another (e.g: from glass to air).

Refractive Index.
Measure of the refracting power of a medium (e.g: 1.6 for water, 1.46 to 1.95 for optical glass, etc.).

Resolution.
Ability of a lens to resolve fine detail.

Resolving Power.
The ability (of an instrument, the eye, etc.) to resolve the images of two points. The closer the points are together, the higher the resolving power required. Resolving power is measured by the angle subtended between the two points and the eye or instrument. The eye can resolve two points subtended by an angle of 100 seconds.

Retina.
The inside, photosensitive surface of the eyeball. It has an array of detectors sensitive to light and colour.

Retinoscope.
A hand-held instrument for examining the retina.

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Slit Lamp.
An instrument for examining the eye.

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Toric Lens.
A prescription lens to correct the eye’s vision.

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Vertex of Surface
(or the Pole). The point on the surface of a lens where the optical axis enters the surface. For a convex surface, for example, it is the highest point on the surface.

Vignetting.
Use of a field stop in a position which will cut off the light at the edges to provide a better image.

Virtual Image.
As seen after refraction by a diverging lens or after reflection in a mirror. Virtual images are used in instruments such as microscopes, rangefinders, telescopes, etc.

Visual Acuity.
Measure of visual performance in perceiving detail, ascertained by letter charts.

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Zoom lens.
System in which the power can be varied while the image stays in reasonably sharp focus.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

Thank you TP.
I read the whole thing, which means I'll need to read it a couple more times. Thanks for the effort. I'm about to select my scope for a 22 trainer and of course ran in to the 3x9x40 at the gun shop. It sounded reasonable but even as I want to get out there and try the new Savage out, I really don't want a POS to knock me out of the game.
 
Re: Thoughts on picking a scope for a rimfire.

I have tried and still use the Nikons and the Weavers myself. Being as though I don't shoot my .22's at extreme long range for that caliber, I use the 4x32 Nikon on my ruger 10/22, and a Weaver 3-9x40 on my Savage. Both have done great for me.