AccuracyLong Range ShootingMarksmanshipSniper Rifles

Mechanics of the Firing Hand

Day One, Precision Rifle Course. Students transition from the classroom to the firing line to put into practice what they were able to absorb regarding the Fundamentals of Marksmanship presentation.  Lives turned upside-down by the fact that Taylor passed around a 15-pound dumbbell, asking that each student dangle it from their “graspers” while explaining that,  “This is what your grip on your rifle should feel like as you pull it into your shoulder”

Wait… What?!

Author Marc Taylor instructing a Student during our Alaska Precision Rifle Class

One of the greatest misunderstandings with respect to rifle marksmanship training over the years is the function of the remainder of the shooting hand that is not trigger finger.  We’ve seen students apply everything from NO pressure to DEATH GRIP pressure to the rifle with the firing hand, and somewhere between the two is proper shooting hand grip and pressure. 

The hand is a fantastic tool, but many fail to understand the two basic physical groups that the fingers are separated into:  Graspers and Pincers.

Physiology Meets Ballistics

Double Teaming a Student
Marc and Frank doing a final Fundamental Eval on a new Student

The thumb and forefinger are the pincers. They can operate independently, or as pliers.  It is difficult unless trained, and requires some focus, but hold your shooting hand in front of you and press the tip of your index finger rearward toward the thumb without the thumb wanting to move toward the index finger.  Try it.  Any movement of the thumb is called “sympathetic squeeze”.  When the trigger finger presses, the thumb wants to move naturally toward it because they are pincers.

The middle finger to the “pinky” is what makes up the graspers.  The graspers are where the power of our grip is and the only reason we can get into the new peanut butter jar.  You can easily break the hold of the pincers, but you will not easily break the hold of the graspers.  Now, try opening a jar with just your thumb and forefinger.  Difficult.

Okay, so what does all this mean to the precision rifle, you ask?  Well, a proper grasp of the rifle, with a straight-back pressure, holds the rifle firmly to the shoulder.  Recoil, if allowed to happen all on its own, will come straight back along the line of departure, or a line straight through the bore, to the shoulder.  The graspers of the firing hand pull the weight of the rifle into the shooter’s shoulder in anticipation of recoil.  Uncontrolled recoil will have a “running start”, so to speak, and cause the rifle’s butt to impact the shoulder as the bullet leaves the barrel. Any movement of the line of departure other than straight back is a movement that will cause the bullet to deviate from its intended aiming point, which actually if viewed through the line of departure, is above the target by precisely the amount of drop that the effect of gravity will have on the bullet during its flight.  Only your scope is pointed to the target.  Your barrel is raised to defeat gravity.

You’ve got pressure to the rear with the graspers and you are married up to the trigger.  You begin the press of the trigger. Take the shot.

Now, what caused this shot to happen was the straight-back pressure applied to the rifle’s trigger by the trigger finger, which is one of the pincers we talked about.  The trick is to press the center of the first pad of that trigger finger straight back with just enough pressure to allow the sear to disengage and the rifle to fire.  You’ve pressed the start button. In the Fundamentals, this is trigger control, and if you are one of Frank and I’s students, you have been bludgeoned to near death with the sound of “Press. Break. Freeze.”

Proper Supporting Equipment

Firing Hand Grip

The reason that the pad of the buttstock is raised when shooting prone-position shooting is to allow the recoil to travel on a more straight line to the shoulder.  A butt pad that is too low will cause the recoil to exploit an angle weakness and the bore may rise as the rifle recoils.  The raised buttstock is an equipment advantage and prone shooters should demand a chassis or stock that lifts in the rear.  Most hunting stocks do not offer this advantage as very few hunting shots are taken from the prone.

Another equipment advantage is the vertical or near-vertical surface that the shooting hand’s graspers are pulling against.  Too much angle, like in an AR’s pistol grip, leads to an upward as well as rear pressure, which may lead to problems of its own when the shooter’s body relaxes for that micro-second at the breaking of the shot.

Marc Demo’ing technique with a 338LM TRG42

The most comfortable of rifles will have a fat, flat, near-vertical surface to pull against.   It’s the reason Accuracy International rifles, Sako TRG’s and many of Kinetic Research Group’s chassis offerings, to name a few, are so popular. They offer vertical or near-vertical surfaces for the firing hand’s graspers to pull against, providing even, straight-back pressure.

HMMM… What to do with this thumb…?

Some shooters wrap the thumb and some shooters like the thumb on the shooting hand side commonly referred to as “floating”.  It’s not exactly floating, as it is customary to lightly lay the thumb toward the rear of the receiver or lay it forward toward the trigger finger.  Regardless of which method you employ, one must isolate the thumb and ensure that there is no pressure applied to the thumb.  If your thumb is turning white from pressure, you are wrong.  It should be “dead”, and someone should be able to walk over and lift your thumb because it is lifeless. My students are accustomed to me performing a “thumb check” on them to ensure there is no pressure being applied.  Do not allow the thumb to act as it wants, like a pincer, and move toward the tip of the trigger finger pad as it moves to the rear. That is an unwelcome movement and the only movement at this point should be the pad of the trigger finger against the trigger.

How Success is Measured

Articles and Videos are not a replacement for a competent instructor watching the student in real-time.

Now, you are using proper, straight-back pull with the graspers in anticipation of your rifle’s recoil. You will control your rifle’s recoil. Your press of the trigger with the center of the pad of your trigger finger, a pincer, will turn this machine on. Straight back recoil will leave the crosshair near or on the target during Follow-Through, and Follow-Through that leaves the reticle over the target is a zen moment. That is success! It means you have applied the fundamentals properly and managed your recoil with straight-back pressure. You have mastered the pull and press with the firing hand and properly isolated the thumb. You are now free to work the bolt and put another one on the target before conditions change…

Send it!

Other Marc Taylor Articles

Eliminate Cumulative Errors

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    Namekagon
  • March 22, 2020
This is the most concise, easily understood description of the firing hand task I've read. Great job Marc.
    Woooohooo! I can understand your way of explaining and believe it's gonna help me a lot! I really liked the info on AR type angled grips, Thanks
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    Marc Taylor
  • March 24, 2020
;-] Thanks!
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    TP1960
  • April 7, 2020
Wow! That made such a difference! Great article. Thank you for posting!
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    MARC TAYLOR
  • April 9, 2020
Thanks! Remember, the goal is to recoil with sight picture remaining on target.
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      V
    • April 15, 2020
    Yup that and a firm hold is what gets me my tightest groups. For handgun as well as rifle. You hit the nail on the head!
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    Claus E. Schmidt
  • April 15, 2020
Great explanation.

How do we transfer that to a precision shot with a pistol where we need the lower, meaty part of the thumb as a recoil buffer? I guess, either by learning to suppress the sympathetic response or by creating stability with the support hand.
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    Vf
  • April 15, 2020
On heavy recoiling rifles I find a firm grip helps achieve tighter groups. I’ve never shot prone and will have to see what mechanics work better with heavier recoil. I likely have to train myself to learn a lighter grip for that position. Not really sure. Considering that most of my shooting is offhand, and only a few sighters from the bench, different positions may require different mechanics. The one constant for all positions seems to be pulling the rifle into the shoulder. Although that in itself I often question. I place my rifle butts on my flexed pectoral muscle as close to the center of my chest cavity. My butts aren’t anywhere near my shoulder- everL(lol).
I’m curious to hear what others think that shoot various rifles and various recoil ft. lbs- especially heavier recoil.
Great article with simple explanations.
This is the best explanation of firing hand mechanics I have ever read. Wish I had this years ago. I "float" my thumb by have never given any pressure applied through it any thought. Thank you so much.
One of the most useful articles I have read on the Hide
awesome info! thanks for taking the time
Thanks for the information! I will be using an AR15 so I will have to make sure I try to control that recoil going straight back!
Thank you Mr. Taylor.
Thanks, being new to the PRS scene, this helps to understand the fundamentals of hand position and what I am supposed to be doing.
    Well wrote Marc. Extremely clear instruction, Very appreciated
Really well written, and straight to the point (or pincer). Sympathetic thumb pressure is not something I’ve ever been taught to watch for. Just another example of the “one can never stop learning, and still progress through life” paradigm. Thanks for a great article!
This is very easy to understand, and easy to practice while dry firing!
Nicely written
Nicely put. You said it all man.
THANKS TO ALL. READ MY LATEST, "BEYOND TRIGGER CONTROL".
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    Danny C
  • August 11, 2020
What about the SQUEEZER/PINCER movement?
The one with the thumb behind the trigger guard and the pulling finger and thumb squeezing together?
Kinda cancels out a lot of unwanted movement and pretty much guarantees no backward or sideways movement from either one.

Also, how about the " externally applied pressure" method?
The one with the cable mounted to the front of the trigger guard, and the external component has a pressure point that pushes the cable through the housing against the trigger? Confused - then look at Camera Shutter Releases. That is how they operate. Externally Push the plunger into the shutter release. ;)
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    SteelShooter1021
  • August 17, 2020
Marc: I’ve been transitioning from multigun into PRS, and every bit of technique regarding smooth trigger pull and grip is important to me right now. The advice from your article was applied during my last rifle competition, and was very helpful In completing my longer targets.
Thanks for taking the time to explain things in easy to understand terms.
    Y.W. @SteelShooter1021, and all others. Great hearing from you guys. -- Taylor
I just a spent about an hour reading, studying, and contemplating this. In that hour I think I gained more insight into, and knowledge of, the technique of the firing hand than I have learned in my whole life. Moving on to the support hand now...
Appreciate the time you spent on this article. As a Physical Therapist, its cool to link the anatomy to your graspers and pincers analogy (Ex: The thumb and forefinger have muscles that run specifically to them, examples being the flexor pollicis and flexor indicis). Thanks again for providing this information.
Great article, easy to understand, and concise Marc!
Great read. Looking forward to practicing.
This is a great article. Lit the light on good and proper trigger squeeze.
Very well written and informative! Much appreciated.
Love the idea/explanation of the 15# dumbbell grip. It’s so hard to explain how “tight” to hold a rifle.
Thanks for the article- great read.
Thank you.
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    Tomm Dool
  • February 18, 2021
great ready. thank you for sharing
Thanks to all. Join us at a course near you to experience it first-hand.
Excellently explained mechanics and fundamentals. Thank you
Very informative! Thank you.
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    Kevin
  • April 3, 2023
After reading this, yes,,, no more crab clawing it and choking the snake for me!
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    Waddy
  • August 17, 2023
I have been chasing the proper amount of rearward pressure for years! Everything from "Free recoil" (with small caliber benchrest rifles) to the so-called Death Grip on large, hard recoiling rifles. Your 15 pound weight gives a quantifiable and recognizable amount of pressure. The usual term of "Firmly" means nothing in and of itself, as everyone's definition of that term will be different. Thanks again for the clear, concise, and useful explanation!
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