Heavy and BC are descriptions of what makes a bullet perform better at extended distance. In essence they contribute to retained velocity, and that, in turn, permits a shorter flight duration. In less time, the bullet drops less and generally doesn't get blown around as much. But insisting on velocity can erode bores fast. Many competitors consider a new barrel as a consumable; I prefer not to do that.
No matter whether you choose to run the bullets at max, or to throttle back some, your wind skills will be an equally critical issue.
Whatever distance, I'd want the bullet to arrive there at about or better than 1300fps, which is the point where the velocity descends into the transsonic regime, and the turbulence picks up.
In a calm situation, the lighter bullets can be more accurate, but in the wind the heavy/high BC usually wins out. In no small part, the shooter's wind skills will either confirm or refute this. At 500yd, wind is less of an issue than at 1200yd, but a higher BC will certainly be of assistance out there when the wind picks up.
The 7mm chamberings allow a better BC with a bullet of less weight. This translates into lower recoil. That allows more practice, which is at the core of successful LR shooting because it's that practice that's going to augment your wind skills.
For what you want, the 280/7mm Express is a good choice, but it requires a Long Action. The
Savage 110 Long Range Hunter 280AI is not a bad rifle to start with. 280AI chambered rifles can chamber and shoot non-AI 280 ammunition as well, and both are available as
factory ammunition.
1200yd is a far piece. Some of us have spent a lifetime shooting and never gotten out that far. I managed 1100yd, once; and shot all of my LR comp at 1000yd.
In my situation, the .260 Rem has been my implement for going on 20 years. If I were starting out, the 6.5 Creedmoore may make best sense, and can be competitive beyond 1000yd. How far beyond depends on the altitude and on your wind skills. They are very crucial out beyond 1000yd.
If I were in an actual position to take regular advantage of a 1200+yd shooting venue, I'd be shooting the .280AI.
Greg