You can read up on the Ackley “Improved” cartridges all over, there’s lots of history there. Basically P.O. Ackley’s idea was to alter the original chamber by blowing the body out for very little body taper, and the shoulder to 40 degrees. The neck/shoulder junction location stays in the same place though, which kept overall case length the same, and provided the datum for the parent case to headspace off of so it can be fired safely. Cases are formed by firing the standard cartridge in an ackley altered chamber. The resulting case has more capacity than the parent case. After foreforming, you must use an ackley sizing die.
Edit: Tha main attraction of all this was that an existing rifle could be brought to a gunsmith to have its chamber altered in a relatively easy fashion, for some additional performance. How much more performance depends, as the owners are typically trying to make the most of it by loading on the hot side.