This description pretty much rules out any potential issues with gas port sizes/locations, feed ramps, or anything like that.
What you describe is either a sizing issue between your ammo and chamber, or something wrong with your bolt as you were suggesting.
On the bolt - does it move in and out of the carrier freely as it should? You are oiling the cam pin location, right?
If the bolt moves correctly, and you're using several brands of factory ammo, this has to be a tight or rough chamber issue.
You already said it's hard to extract a partially chambered round - put some sharpie on a case and do that again, and show us a pic of where it rubs off.
Also, you didn't answer my earlier question: when you chamber the first round and drop the bolt - are you able to extract it without firing it? That's an important detail that will tell us a lot about what's going on.