You might get away with it, but I suspect you'll end up with at least one of two problems:
1) Having the two thread patterns overlap means that getting the screws started properly could be a real SOB. With my typical ham-fisted approach, I'd probably end up cross-threading it on the first attempt and make a real mess of the whole thing.
2) Having a partial thread pattern means you might rip out the screws over time due to recoil. This depends upon a lot of factors, but a heavy-recoiling round combined with a heavy scope can put a lot of strain on the mount screws.
What are you attempting to accomplish by changing the screw pitch but not the diameter? Knowing this might assist in providing an alternative solution.