Rifle Shooter Magazine discusses this here (
https://www.rifleshootermag.com/editorial/the-small-rifle-vs-large-rifle-primer-debate/329988):
"Advantages of using a Small Rifle primer rather than the typical Large Rifle version are twofold. Use of the smaller, less aggressive cap can result in better consistency, particularly in the form of tighter standard deviations. While this matters little inside common hunting distances, it’s a big deal to shooters reaching past a half-mile, where a mere 20-fps difference between shots can equate to inches of vertical impact difference on the target.
Additionally, a small primer pocket leaves more material intact than a large primer pocket. The case head is left stronger and less susceptible to pressure-caused deformation. Handloaders searching for the last iota of long-range performance can push bullets faster—using aggressive charges on the cusp of safe pressure limits—without loosening primer pockets."