This is kind of way out in left field, but I wonder if history can teach us something about the oil market.
At one time (15th-16th century) Venice essentially controlled the world economies because they controlled the world market on...yep, salt. Without refrigeration, and no other known way to preserve food stuffs at the time, salt drove the world markets. It was the petroleum of its day. Countries lived and died (literally) on the conditions of the salt trade. If a country did not have enough salt (salt poor) their population starved and/or prices on food stuffs soared. At the time there was no way to generate salt efficiently, short of mining the rock out of the ground (hence the growth of towns like Salzburg, Norwich, etc.; "sal" meaning salt, and "wich" a placename meaning "a source of salt" ). Venice cornered the trading market on salt and drove the world economy as the power behind many chairs of monarchs. Wars were fought, monarchs assassinated and untold wealth created...all over salt (and who controlled its flow).
What changed all this was the advent on new drilling technology (ironically, thanks to the Chinese) and the ability to create brine wells. Instead of digging salt from the ground, a hole was drilled into a salt deposit, water was pumped into a deposit, and the briney water was pumped up, out and then dried to create cheap, inexpensive salt crystals. Sounds a lot like fracking, eh? But I digress...
My point is, technology drove the world markets away from salt as the major driver of influence that created or crushed wealth. IMHO, I think we're seeing the same thing happen in our lifetime with oil. Venice has been replaced by SA. And like Venice, they will fight tooth and nail to maintain that control, but ultimately, it is a futile effort. Even now, you see reforms in SA as they struggle to develop a capability/product/market that is not oil dependent. They are not stupid, they see the writing on the wall and are attempting to prepare for the inevitable (unlike most ME countries).
If there are any students of history reading this thread, I'd highly recommend the book "Salt". I think most would be surprised/stunned by the uncanny resemblance of the historical politics, intrigue and plots around salt, to the same sorts of things with today's oil market.
Food for thought...if we don't understand history, then we are bound to repeat it.
https://www.amazon.com/Salt-World-History-Mark-Kurlansky-ebook/dp/B00BPDN33W