Here's the method I use:
Take a cleaning jag and cut/file the face of it flush; get rid of the little nipple so it's a large flat square surface area. Screw that onto your cleaning rod.
Cock the bolt (so the firing pin isn't sticking out of the bolt face), and close the bolt on an empty chamber.
Insert the cleaning rod until it bottoms out on the bolt face. Mark that location on the cleaning rod (sharpie, pencil, I often put a strip of tape exactly flush with the muzzle).
Now pull the rod out 4" or so, open the bolt, and insert a bullet followed by a new or resized case into the chamber. You should be able to lightly push the back of the case to get the bullet to find the rifling. Just for my own paranoia, I will then push the cleaning rod forward, unseat the bullet maybe 1/8" from the rifling, then push the case back forward until the bullet BARELY touches the rifling and stop pressing. IMO you don't want to have any crush fit here with the bullet into the rifling and it doesn't take much pressure to push several thou into the lands. Ensure the barrel is fairly level here so your cleaning rod won't slip out, then mark the rod at the muzzle in the same fashion you did earlier.
Measuring mark-to-mark will give you the COAL with THAT particular bullet to the lands. I typically subtract .015 to 0.025" as a starting point for load development.