Help me diagnose popping primers

TimK

Gunny Sergeant
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Minuteman
Jan 13, 2010
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Woodland Park, CO
www.timkulincabinetry.com
Rifle is in .223AI. Had approximately 800-900 rounds on it when it started having problems. ARC CDG action. Barrel was chambered by a local smith who does great work, and he used a known good reamer.

Beginning around the 900 round mark, I've starting getting the occasional round that appears to be WAY over pressure. It's deforming the unsupported part of the case and popping the primers. The case is so deformed I have to really work at it to get the bolt back. I've checked everything I can think of that might be a potential cause.

Started with virgin Lapua .223 brass. Fireformed 300 pieces, then started load development.
All bullets (88 ELDM's) from the same box of 3,500
All powder from the same 8# jug of Shooters World Precision (varget copy)
CCI 450 SRM primers, all from two boxes

The barrel has been speeding up steadily since completion of load development. My original load of 24.1 g has sped up almost 200fps in 700 rounds. Accuracy has always been good, shooting into 1/2" consistently. SD's weren't great, but acceptable for my purposes in the high teens.

I had my first popped primer with that original load. Primers were starting to get a little flat, but I didn't think too much of it. I dropped the charge back to 23.2g to get back to my original velocity. It has continued to pop primers, roughly 1 in every 25 shots. The other 24 of 25 fired cases look perfect.

I've checked everything I can think to check:

Powder is being thrown by an auto trickler. I accept charges that are right on or one kernel low. If it's a kernel high, I re-throw. The scale gets recalibrated regularly and has shown no signs of drift.

I measured about 200 bullets for diameter with a micrometer, weight, and base to ogive. No anomalies detected.

Seating depth is consistent to about plus/minus 0.002" Bullets were 0.030" off the lands when I did the original load development. I haven't check for throat erosion, but I'm sure the lands are farther away now.

I've scrubbed the bore and cleaned thoroughly for carbon several times. The borescope shows firecracking where you would expect, but no carbon build-up.

Here's my loading process:
Deprime
Clean the brass in SS pins
Anneal on the AMP annealer
Neck sized for the first two cycles on the brass, went to full length sizing on the 3rd cycle (the one I'm on now)
Charge with powder and seat the bullet.

The switch to full length sizing MIGHT correspond to the start of the problem. I don't track round count well enough know for sure. I'm bumping the shoulder back only 0.001" when full length sizing.

I'm at wits end. Out of desperation I loaded up 15 rounds with Varget, same 23.2 charge and shot them Saturday. Velocity was within 10fps of the Shooter's World Precision load. Slightly less pressure though as the edges of the primers were "rounder", if that's a word. No popped primers. I dunno what else to check and am hoping someone here has a great idea.

AI Blown Case 1.jpg
AI Blown Case 2.jpg
 
I would verify not assume headspace. Pacific Tool and Gauge makes a set for 223 AI. It looks way off but who knows without checking.

Also that powder is suspect if Varget is ok at the same weight. What actual version of Shooter's World? Did you buy it new and unopened? Have you made any powder changes for loading different rounds?
 
That base doesn't look very healthy to say the least.
1st-200 fps is a lot of gain?
2nd-Have you checked all of the ogives on these bullets after loading or even before loading
Is the chamber cut excessively large at the base?
Have you measured the body at the shoulder and base, compare new, sized and fired-although we know the fired one is off at the base!
 
Well, I dunno if 200fps is a lot of gain over say 600 rounds, but it sounds like a lot to me. I don't normally have to chrono before every match with my other rifles, but I do with this one.

Base of case to ogive is very consistent with loaded rounds. Plus or minus a couple of thou. As mentioned in the OP, I checked a couple hundred unloaded bullets for ogive to base and there was only a couple thou difference across them all.

I have no way to determine if the chamber is cut correctly, but with the exception of the 8-10 rounds that popped primers, all the fired brass looks perfect.

Not sure exactly what your asking in the last line. Are you referring to the diameter at the shoulder and base?
 
Have you double-checked the torque on your barrel?

Even if it is torqued, I cannot imagine this happening unless your bolt head is the wrong size.

Something to note about pierced primers: each time it occurs, material can be added to the length of the pin, making it more likely to happen again.

Below is the ARC CDG Conical Breech Print.

Screenshot 2025-10-13 at 15.45.04.png
 
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Have you double-checked the torque on your barrel?

Even if it is torqued, I cannot imagine this happening unless your bolt head is the wrong size.

Something to note about pierced primers: each time it occurs, material can be added to the length of the pin, making it more likely to happen again.
I’ve never seen material added to the pin. Usually there is gas cutting/erosion, which gives the pin a bunch of sharp edges. Neither here or there though, he’s a few PSI from blowing the entire case head off, so not a pierced primer issue.
 
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Well, I dunno if 200fps is a lot of gain over say 600 rounds, but it sounds like a lot to me. I don't normally have to chrono before every match with my other rifles, but I do with this one.

Base of case to ogive is very consistent with loaded rounds. Plus or minus a couple of thou. As mentioned in the OP, I checked a couple hundred unloaded bullets for ogive to base and there was only a couple thou difference across them all.

I have no way to determine if the chamber is cut correctly, but with the exception of the 8-10 rounds that popped primers, all the fired brass looks perfect.

Not sure exactly what your asking in the last line. Are you referring to the diameter at the shoulder and base?
 
that isn't the primers fault, that is either not fully going into the chamber just enough that it will still fire. I have some cases like that. They were grossly overcharged, 24 of varget should be top load for a 69 grain bullet. 24 and an 88 grain sound high without looking. I never fired anything but 55's in my 223AI. Pull your firing pin out of the bolt and test to see if they all chamber completely. If the bolt isn't locking completely it can unlock too soon. I wouldn't fire anymore of them until you find the problem as it will split your upper receiver. I still have one put up that happened too me. 22 grains is a compressed load in a 223 with that weight bullet. You are most likely over loaded on powder.

Guns do not mysteriously speed up because they are broke in past a very small amount. Try dropping the powder charge at least 1 grain or more. Learn from others.

I think you can disregard my comments about slam fire completely.
 

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that isn't the primers fault, that is either not fully going into the chamber just enough that it will still fire. I have some cases like that. They were grossly overcharged, 24 of varget should be top load for a 69 grain bullet. 24 and an 88 grain sound high without looking. I never fired anything but 55's in my 223AI. Pull your firing pin out of the bolt and test to see if they all chamber completely. If the bolt isn't locking completely it can unlock too soon. I wouldn't fire anymore of them until you find the problem as it will split your upper receiver. I still have one put up that happened too me. 22 grains is a compressed load in a 223 with that weight bullet. You are most likely over loaded on powder.

Guns do not mysteriously speed up because they are broke in past a very small amount. Try dropping the powder charge at least 1 grain or more. Learn from others.

I think you can disregard my comments about slam fire completely.
He posted in the Bolt Action sub-forum so I assume he’s not worried about his upper.

I’d sure want to stick some head space gauges in the gun and confirm it’s good because it sure looks like that cartridge wasn’t full chambered.
 
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If he's had multiple popped primers the firing pin is probably eroded badly on the tip. Replace it. I don't think sizing the shoulder back .001 is enough. I set the shoulder back on my .223 cases .003-.004", but I load for six .223's. I also suspect that load is rather spicy and needs to be backed off.
 
Pulled the barrel last night and took some pics of how deep the case is in the chamber. Also took some better pics of the blown cases.

Primers are not pierced, they're blown to pieces. The primer holes are hugely enlarged.

The load may be too hot, but on every shot fired that doesn't blow a primer, the brass and primer look great. Nice round edges on the primers, no signs of "ejector swipe" type marking of the case head. I know it doesn't have a spring loaded ejector, and I'm hoping you know what I mean. No obvious signs of pressure.

I only neck sized for the first few cycles. Switched to full length sizing just on general principals. The bolt was still closing easily on neck sized rounds. I don't think bumping the shoulder back farther is necessary unless I don't understand the concern. Remember, it's a bolt gun, not a gasser.

Here are the pics:

AI Blown Case 3.jpg

AI Blown Case 4.jpg

AI Blown Case5.jpg

AI Blown Case 6.jpg
 
If those drawings show the case body protruding slightly and deemed acceptable, then he's way over charged, believe he said there was jump on the bullet?
If I read the drawing for conical breech correctly, its about .062" protrusion. Given the angle of the picture, its difficult to tell how far its protruding.

But yeah....those cases are fubar'd.