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Join contest SubscribeThis.They are actually totally arbitrary. The point is you should be using a ballistic calculator but it is best to pick a known distance. If all your shooting is a known distance like 50 or 100yrd rimfire then the sight in distance is easy. I like setting my zero stop a know distance from which I can dial up or hold over. But it is always a known entity. I dislike holding under and with a zero stop you can’t dial down. So if your closest shot will be 600yrds that is a good zero. But get a calculator and range finder so you can get quality dope.
In a addition to that, even accommodating a BDC isn't as simple as just zeroing at 50 because the manual said to. As you said, 50/200 almost never works out and chances are you aren't shooting the exact bullet at the exact speed in the same environmentals that the reticle designer input into his program when he spaced his stadia hashes.50 yards, 100 yards .... those are pretty arbitrary numbers unless you're trying to accommodate a BDC or something. Get a ballistic calculator, figure out what your maximum point blank range is based on your needs and zero for what the app tells you is best.
The idea of doing all of that dialing seems fun in your head, but when you get out and start doing it, you're gonna realize that less dialing is better.
Don't have it in your head that a 50/200 zero is a real thing. It's a combat zero based on a specific rifle configuration shooting a specific ammo. Don't just zero at 50 and think you'll be good at 200. Zero for the farther distance (always zero at the far distance, no matter what zero you're using).
I shoot a 16" rig. The ammo I run is 77gr Barnes Matchburners at 2681 fps. I want all of my shoots to land in a group no larger than 3". This puts my maximum point blank range at just over 200 yards. So, for everything out to 200, I just hold dead center and fudge it a tad if I need to. I zero at 200 on that rig.
For all of the reasons you mentioned, I'm not a big fan of BDCs, but I am big fan of ACOGs, so it is what it is on that front. I've had pretty good luck getting the BDC to line up with 55 to 62 grain projectiles out of my 11.5 with stuff other than m193 or m855 using reticles intended for .223. I usually just zero at 300 using the 300 yard hash mark. That pretty much puts me on steel out to distances that I would shoot with those rigs and the more I shoot them, the better I get to know the setup. You can't just throw on the optic, zero at a distance and figure you're good out to X number of yards.In a addition to that, even accommodating a BDC isn't as simple as just zeroing at 50 because the manual said to. As you said, 50/200 almost never works out and chances are you aren't shooting the exact bullet at the exact speed in the same environmentals that the reticle designer input into his program when he spaced his stadia hashes.
I'm a big BDC fan for what I use 5.56 guns for and to get the BDC's to line up out to at least 600 yards (about as far as I find them trustworthy and as far as I need a 5.56 gun to work) I have guns zeroed at all different distances. Note also that most BDC's are designed around 55-62gr bullets going pretty quick. The 69-77gr stuff that most of us are sending out yonder start out with a velocity disadvantage that is eventually cancelled out by the BC advantage. So again, the manual specified 50/200 never works out. I've got BDC equipped guns zeroed from 170-190 and 210-230 yards depending on velocity to get the BDC lined up perfectly, but not a one of them at exactly 200.
But now that I wrote all that out, my more precision oriented guns with mil reticles are all zeroed at 100 for simplicities sake, which is probably more what the OP was asking about.