The longest shot was made 3 years ago with the then new Razor Gen 3. All kinds of crazy canted MOA rail on it. 4.4 miles and it took 69 tries. Definitely not cold bore on that.
I was watching Texas Predator Hunting podcast and Wade Chandler said he did a 5 cold bore group. That is, he would get that gun out once a day and take just one shot. He did that 5 days in the row. He says he got a dispersion pattern indistinguishable from just taking 5 shots at one sitting.
But I still surmise that even with a rifle that can, let's pretend, hit dead center 3 out of 5 times with handloads. And let's say you had a bench to shoot from or even just a really good prone position.
4.5 seconds of flight is a long time. Long enough for the animal to completely move out of the PoA. Or, more likely, move just enough to get injured.
And I know some distances in the west are necessary. In my own state of Texas, there is a TPWD hunt in the Caprock Canyon, near Turkey and Itaque, Texas (south and east of Amarillo.) You purchase an electronic lottery ticket, as it were, to win this hunt for mule deer. Most of the year, the canyon is just for rough hiking and camping. They close it down in December to assign compartments for hunting. They give you an AO. The description warns of rugged camping and freezing temperatures (high desert.) And being able to take shots to at least 200 yards. There is only rocks and scrub brush. So, yeah, some distance shooting is required.
I can even see shooting 700 yards if you are on one hill and the elk is on another hill.
I am not against long range hunting and I have not said that you cannot shoot an animal past 300 yards. Again, it depends on the bullet performance at impact and that is largely a result of impact velocity.
Granted, if I hit a deer at 1780 fps, it is not going to jauntily thumb its nose at me and prance away with a "nanner, nanner, boo, boo. Stick your face in doo doo. Oh, I see you did already."
Maybe it is potty training. I was taught to handle the game animal with mercy and quickness. No need to cause more suffering.